PADANG SUNYI SENYAP (Kersik Luway).

Anggrek hitam atau black orchid (Coelogyne pandurata) adalah spesies anggrek yang hanya tumbuh di pulau Kalimantan. Saat ini, habitat asli anggrek hitam mengalami penurunan jumlah yang cukup besar karena semakin berkurang bahkan dapat dikatakan hampir punah terutama di habitat aslinya sendiri serta punahnya media tumbuh bagi species anggrek ini. Di Kalimantan Timur khususnya di Kabupaten Kutai Barat yakni di Cagar Alam Kersik Luway masih dengan mudah ditemukan dan disaksikan meskipun hanya dalam jumlah / kelompok yang kecil yang tersisa dan dikatakan sebagai ZONA INTI karena hanya tinggal itu yang tersisa.
Cagar Alam Kersik Luway atau dari bahasa lokal (Dayak Tonyooi/Tunjung) yang artinya padang sunyi senyap seluas 5.500 Ha (SK Menteri Pertanian Nomor 792/HPTS/UM/10/1982, pada saat itu Departemen Kehutanan Terbentuk) seluruhnya merupakan hamparan pasir putih dengan ditutupi / didominasi oleh tumbuhan tingkat perdu salahsatu pohon inang tempat tumbuh anggek seperti Kayu nasi ( Maesa perlarius) yang tumbuh secara berkelompok atau seperti pulau-pulau dengan tingkat kerapatan yang tinggi, dengan demikian akhirnya membentuk suatu iklim mikro yang cukup baik di bawahnya dengan udaranya sejuk, lapisan gambutnya selalu lembab dan membentuk lumut sampai ke batang pohon sebagai media untuk tumbuhnya anggrek hitam kebanggaan ini.

Pada tahun 2000 musibah menimpa cagar alam kebanggaan ini dimana kebakaran telah menghanguskan lebih dari 90% kawasan ini mulai dari pohon-pohon pelindungnya hingga ke lapisan gambutnya dan tidak terhitung lagi berapa kehilangan anggrek hitam ini belum termasuk jenis anggrek lainnya dimana diketahui dalam kawasan cagar alam Kersik Luway terdapat 75 jenis anggrek. Setelah itu kembali terjadi kebakaran pada tahun 2007 dengan demikian semakin berkurang kekayaan alam yang kita banggakan ini dan hamparan ilalang yang lebih banyak kita temui sekarangdan tahun ini (minggu ke tiga bulan September 2009) kembali terbakar dengan sangat dahsyatnya.

Dari kejadian-kejadian kebakaran tersebut yang sangat kita sayangkan adalah terjadi akibat dari sangat kurangnya akan kepedulian semua pihak untuk melindungi kawasan tersebut dari kepunahan, karena itu perlu kembali kita melihat apa tanggung jawab dan peran kita terhadap cagar alam tersebut baik pemerintah mulai dari tingkat Pusat (Departemen Kehutanan) hingga Provinsi (Kaltim) dan Kabupaten (Kubar) bahkan dengan organisasi-organisasi non pemerintah yang turut peduli serta terlebih-lebih dengan masyarakat sekitarnya karena kebakaran terjadi oleh ulah manusia dan bukan oleh alam.

Oleh karena itu perlu adanya langkah-langkah konkrit untuk menyelamatkan cagar alam tersebut dengan duduk bersama antara pihak pemerintah baik Pusat, Provinsi dan Kabupaten serta masyarakat sekitarnya, apa dan bagaimana perannya masing-masing.


Ada beberapa hal yang perlu kita renungkan sehubungan dengan keberlangsungan dari cagar alam tersebut :

1. Apakah kita cukup merasa bangga bahwa dulu kita pernah memiliki Cagar Alam Anggrek khususnya Anggrek Hitam? atau
2. Apakah kita hanya cukup merasa bangga dan memiliki saja tetapi tidak berbuat sesuatu untuk mempertahankannya karena ada yang bertanggung untuk hal tersebut ? atau
3. Kita merasa bangga, memiliki dan ikut bertanggung jawab serta berperan serta ataupun mencari peran apa yang dapat kita lakukan untuk mempertahankan keberlangsungan dari cagar alam tersebut.

Untuk itu masihkah kita ingin meikmati kesunyian padang ini namun masih dengan keindahan dan keunikannya atau hanya padang sunyi tanpa ada apapun yang bisa kita banggakan lagi.

Tulisan ini kami buat sebagai rasa keprihatin kami akan kondisi Cagar Alam yang kita banggakan ini karena kami adalah salahsatu saksi setiap terjadinya kebakaran di kawasan ini. (anggota pemadam kebakaran hutan dan lahan Kutai Barat) Read More..

A Million (1,000,000) Ha Program Palm Oil in East Kalimantan?

It is my opinion if it would be in open forests and land for oil palm plantations a million ha in east kalimantan
Program of a million hectares of Oil Palm Plantation in the Province of East Kalimantan is the goal to improve the lives of people with a very knowledgeable and have not utilized at the maximum, which at the time of this palm oil is a commodity to produce excellent palm oil for both export and needs in the own country. But before this is done needs to be done from several aspects of, among others:

1. Forest Natural Area.

As we know that for the development of Oil Palm Plantation regulation in this case by the Ministry of Forestry only in the wake of Cultivation in Non Forest Area is not in the Cultivation Area Forestry, so even in the area forests are the critical criteria are included, but we can not deny natural forest area that we have to at this time can not maximize the utilization or in the switch function.
2. Catchment area.

With the Palm Oil Plantation developmen can we know with how the early stages of implementation that is the way land clearing or land cleaning in total although done in stages, then we can imagine that the land will be open total capacity of the power absorption water at the time where the rain water will direct touch the land;
ground without his barrier. without touching the ground so that the land will not be able to absorb water so the flow on the surface will be more swift and scrape the ground layer is generally called or erosion to the area and lead to lower Lumpur. On Oil Palm Plantation land that has been there now we can see even though there are enough plants big even also but accelerate it ability to withhold water flow on the surface of the land is not as good as the condition is still even on the sylvan forest grove because even though planted in a short distance away but the meeting leaves of palm group can not hold rain water in addition to the maximum of roots oil palm fiber that when the meeting and then the water compact will be very difficult to penetrate to the soil layer below.



3. Quality Environment

A very large impact on the Oil Palm Plantation mentioned above is in addition to the quality of the environment such as declining and poor quality water in the rain at the changing color and taste of water because the soil or mixed with water that is muddy and this is not feasible for the consumption without processing good. In the land clearing, when carried out by burning the smoke disrupt very good in terms of health (air quality decrease) and transportation and all the world's ecosystems that support life local will be destroyed more than that we need to know that with oil palm trees is a very voracious water so that water can drain rivers and the surrounding small plants that can not maintain stability will be the availability of land and water in the surrounding community.


4. Feasibility and accesibility land.

It is very important also to note is the feasibility of the land, before the wake of the candidate locations should be fully in the analysis of whether the ability of the prospective location of the land is suitable or not for the commodity in large-scale than that which is not less important accebility to the processing unit or factory, if not build a plantation at the same time with the processing unit while accesibility to other processing units does not have to build the oil palm plantation is a difficult thing to recommend can be.


5. Economic aspects

Sustainable Palm Oil Plantation existing for this success is still far away, especially to the economic development of communities around the activities and community involvement in the system such as plasma and nucleus, and also a lot of development of oil palm plantation in the middle of the jammed roads, so if the after the knowledge is not profitable, or correct the images so far that only the desired timber plantation development course next only requirement only.

CONCLUSION:

Government program to improve the standard of living people that we should support as well as development of Palm Oil Plantation, but before it is implemented deservedly first examined from various aspects so that in the future does not become a boomerang which is more a result of this experience is that people in the vicinity of the development are, where they have lost their land for farming and planting area in the hunt more development is not eventually have benefits for them.

So hopefully we are review helpful. Read More..

COMMUNITY BASE FiRE MANAGEMENT (CBFiM) IN INDONESIA

This article I wrote in 2004 in order to learn the professional management of forest and land fires and based on experience and observations in our area, only now I share and I hope there are benefits
BACKGROUND West Kutai District East Kalimantan province Indonesia, with an area 3,162,870 hectares, has a wide forest ± 74% of the broad region. Forest fires occur in a wide scale in 1982, 1992 and 1997/1998. Losses caused incalculable value, both in terms of natural wealth as a source of income for forest communities and the Government, ecosystem and other aspects such as health and transportation. Therefore, the prevention of forest fires and the need to get attention which is very serious.

West Kutai District District as a new form, with the 21 Sub District and 221 villages, population and population density is very low, have some serious obstacles in the management of forest fires. Accessibility is very limited and difficult topography that is the main obstacles. In addition, the number of personnel to handle the special forest fires occur when forest fires are not eligible to manage the area in a broad scale.
Due to the constraints mentioned above it is very important partners felt the right to prevent and cope with the dangers of forest fire in the West Kutai regency. Step that is considered to be very maximum strategy cooperation with the Village People who live around the forest. Life and livelihood in general people directly associated with natural resources such as land, farmers innings return, rubber farmers, fishermen, collectors of forest wood and non wood.
The Government, in this case the Control of forest fire with a local institution-related agencies, should take a coordinating role by providing guidance, support and training assistance and equipment that simple. Highly expected that in future the community play an important role in the management of forest fires.

BENEFITS Expected from the control and management of forest fires with the community or a community-based, people understand and get information about the danger of forest fires, for the reason-and loss-damage caused by forest fires themselves. An active role in community decision-making management of natural wealth, the fire in an effective and careful management in the field is a major factor in the management of forest fires. Because the houses in the surrounding forest, the people in the village near the village can act quickly in the danger of forest fires in early in the region. In his role, the village community is a great strength in tackling the danger of forest fires. With the successful management of forest fires, the general form of wealth natural forest and other forest products follow-up can continue to contribute to regional development in particular. Besides forest ecosystem function, affecting the wider community, will be maintained properly.
The community is not directly benefit / benefit in the form of money, but with awaking the natural resources and other assets, then it will be more valuable / valuable than high when people perform the activities related to forest fire management is done only when forest fires occur and must be the result is even also and paid only a small and very shortly.


IMPORTANT ASPECT.

Successful management of forest fires is very depending on the coordination of several parties that have a role and a different capacity, the kampong people and institutions related. Some important issues that need to come to the attention of:

1. The lack of public awareness for the losing caused by forest fires and the need for the level of socialization / government to the people;
2. At the community level, for forest fires only when the occurrence of forest fire so that the activities of prevention is rarely performed;
3. Need for involvement of the community in full force in the motivation / willingness to the more widely than just for forest fires;
4. At the level of / the Government's understanding that the forest fires only at the time of the occurrence of forest fires. Besides the sectoral thinking, that the management of forest fires is the responsibility Forestry Institutions only, this is a big obstacle.
5. The program CBFiM relative new, especially in Indonesia and the West Kutai regency, but if viewed from the traditions or customs in the local community to manage the land of the soul CBFiM existing since long.
6. All the sections of the community and the profession must disadarkan that forest fires is important for attention is even international issue, and the fire that is not restrained can occur at any time.

Relevance

In the management of forest fires there is a framework of interconnected and is a system of mutual support that is Prevention, Preparation, Repairs and Rehabilitation. This paper focuses more on prevention activities with the intent not to ignore the activities of other important part of the framework in the management of forest fire is.
The framework is also a reference to a thought in management, but also must not be carried out because everything must also be adjusted back to the local needs.

CBFiM PRINCIPLES AND IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA

In Indonesia, forest fire management based community where people are important elements in a full involvement in both decision making and managing the natural wealth in tackling forest fires are still relatively rare and is new. Therefore, there is need ideas or decisions of the institution or institutions and to arouse the people.

STATE NOW

In a situation such as above the need of the steps from the concrete institutions or institutions for the start and lead in accordance with the principles of community-based management. In the end the community is expected that an important component, and both actively involved in the decision-making, management in the framework of prevention, response and the repair or rehabilitation.
The efforts made by the Government of West Kutai District Office, especially forestry, among others; basic training of forest fire management, fire workshop shift forest village level, facilitating the establishment of forest fire fighting team in the 40 villages where each team has 15 people, shift the role of fire in each forest village this also be directed not only to prevent or extinguish the fire but in a wider sense is how in a among the residents of the village or between villages together to maintain both natural resources belonging to private, other people and property with high awareness and voluntary.
Awareness and public awareness are higher, especially in villages that have been trained and carried out technical, where they are involved and put out the fire reported that occurrence when a fire occurred in the village.
In order to achieve this, it is necessary to anticipate impacts from this system, namely, among others:

- The diversity of capacities and interests of the village community involved in decision making and involved in full could cause so that the impact of the role of coordinating institution or institutions are still very necessary.

- The process of shared learning between the community and relevant agencies will increase awareness and capability to manage natural resources more wisely and continuous increase the level of life in general, and manage forest fires in particular.

- In the future, with increased performance and capacity of the village community can be the main force in the management of forest fires. The Role of Institutions or more as a stimulant, control and supervision.




SUMMARY

In an effort to control forest fire management is needed with a clear framework. In West Kutai District in particular with a variety of obstacles found, then a solution should be sought near the area but the steps or solutions need to be fixed and related to a framework in the management of the forest fires so that all parties involved remain system in a clear and coordinated.

Management of community-based (Community Based Fire Management) in the hope that the community fully involved, both in making decisions on the management of natural resources more wisely both in general, and in the prevention and the dangers of forest fires in particular.

The Increase awareness that what they do is to maintain the continuity of assets that can improve life level society itself is an important first step.

With full community involvement is very limited, the limited expected that faced by the Regional District can be overcome. The hope is that the end of the preservation of the forest in harmony with the culture or customs of the local manage natural, met with the good cooperation between government, communities and stakeholders so that the other districts continue. Read More..

Community Base Fire Mangement (CBFiM) in AUSTRALIA

I created this article in 2004 in order to learn the professional management of forest and land fires to Australia and thanks to Peter F. Moore and Brad Shield which at that time had a lot to guide us, only now I share but I hope there are still benefits

BACKGROUND Management of forest fires in Australia have started ± 100 years back, later in the year 1936 the Government issued a law on forest fires and the law of each State may make regulations according to the operational needs of each.
Although it has a very good system, but every year there is always a good forest fires small and occur on a cycle of forest fires is very great, in the large-scale lose experienced certainly not less good assets that the government, private, public and even human lives and also affect the impact of a society that is around.
Forest fires that occurred in Australia is very closely related to vegetation condition and change seasons for example, in the summer with the drought and high wind speed, the risk of fire is very easy going and then quickly expanded with learning from experience that the various parties need to realize that the management better against forest fires, so the need to build a forest fire management system that is created and coordinated research how the pressing danger of forest fires, including the elements that influence.
Burning activities in Australia is a destination with a variety of needs as part of the forest fire management system itself that is the reduction of fuel and other purposes such as in the catch
area of water and farm land, but these activities should be carried out with the planning and should not be cooked done at the time of high fire danger level.
While the position of the Government, in this case of Institutions managing forest fires themselves play an important role both in taking the role to provide coordination with the guidance, support and training and equipment assistance.

PURPOSE With the management of forest fire management system is expected to have control of all activities or events related to the fire. In Australia, the planned burning to reduce the amount of fuel is very important to do, especially for the hot season
where the risk of forest fire that does not happen often restrained, from the management activities of forest fire prevention is expected to reduce the danger of forest fires and a greater activity much done in the forests managed by the Government, to maintain the areas vital for the public interest in areas such as water and diffusion settlements directly with the adjacent forest. In the farm lands owned by the public burning of more aimed at the planned supply / regeneration as a fodder grass. Management of forest fires in Australia has been particularly useful to keep a variety of interests related to the forest directly or not, resides in the area or just passing through, for example, tourism, timber from the Forest Plantation Industry, farm land, water area diffusion for drinking water, the electricity etc.


IMPORTANT ASPECT Successful management of forest fires is also depends on how the coordination of several parties that have a role and a different capacity, among other people, institutions or the relevant institution. Some important issues that need to be a special attention, as happened in North Stradbroke Island, among others:

• The causes of forest fires by the deliberately people (not a good goal) because there are still people unaware akan loss-loss caused by forest fires that are not restrained;
• At the community level in general is well settled permanently or temporarily the awareness, concern and community involvement is high and support, activities and prevention of forest fires, especially in the asset difocuskan each first and then the new environment and made voluntary ;
• Private companies such as mining are located in the region (North Stradbroke Island) actively involved in controlling forest fires because it has no sense of each other, in addition to the specific company officials also allow employees to volunteer when there is a big event;
• Government / institution in terms of this Conservation Redland take more roles in consultation and coordination with both the public and other parties also provide support and a warning for forest fire hazard;
• The government is also involved in the negative, for example, to provide sanctions for people / parties to do all the burning deliberately (without permission), put the assets of land outside the flammable or without adequate safeguards against fire.
• Australian Society original (Aboriginal tribe) have culture in the use of fire and to respect the very nature where it is almost unknown by most people that Australia is ahead, it is very necessary to be developed and examined as CBFiM history in Australia and then combined with the technological progress or control forest fires at this time.


Between ON FRAMEWORK In Australia, generally the management of forest fires is mostly done on the prevention activities in the form of a reduction in fuel (prescribe burning), especially in the forest's plants and fire that occurred in the summer every year both small scale and large scale. When fires occur, especially in natural forests will not be the repair or rehabilitation activities, because in the natural forests in general is dominated by Eucalyptus species that can beregenasi after the fire, the restoration activities carried out when the burn involves the public interest and protect areas such as drinking water so that restoration activities are not necessary depending on the level of interest / priority So it can be said that the framework for management of forest fires in Australia to become shorter.


PRINCIPLES AND IMPLEMENTATION CBFiM IN AUSTRALIA

In Australia, forest fire management based Society as will be done in Indonesia where people are important elements in a full involvement in both decision making and managing the natural wealth in tackling forest fires does not specifically found. In Australia at the community level in general has become a system called Volunteer or volunteer, whether government, business and various other professional consciously and actively involved in both their own assets and secure the assets of the other party and general facility.


STATE NOW With a long history of forest fire management in Australia is one of the country who have the management of forest fires is good, not only in terms of facilities and infrastructure, organization and coordination, but also a very important element is the general public and professional support with a variety of activities both with passive and active and direct role as a volunteer force is so large that in the control forest fires. With a good system as well as community support on this very day forest fire is still very difficult if all the elements of nature to support the occurrence of forest fires is greater still more of idleness does not conduct activities with the prevention of fuel reduction burning.



SUMMARY

In an effort to control forest fires that good management is needed, the framework is clear and the device is equipped with a clear law. In Australia, management of forest fires has reached a very advanced stage both that system own facilities and infrastructure support but this is not a guarantee and the biggest obstacles faced and often occur in every year of forest fire is supported by the natural elements such as summer, the air humidity is low , blow wind speed, and fuel is very flammable.

People also have more advanced, support and actively involved in programs of forest fire control, they realize that what they do is also to maintain the assets of their own interest and for sharing.

Management of forest fires based community (Community Based Fire Management) is not specifically have made or found in Australia and growing up with at this time at the community level but between the Volunteer and Volunteer CBFiM have some similarities in spirit and purpose.

Government / Institution holds an important role in the policy, regulation, coordination within the control of forest fires, but is supported by various parties so that the system of forest fire control in Australia does not have relative constraints.

CBFiM BETWEEN INDONESIA AND AUSTRALIA

During the study tour program in Australia in the framework of professional training in the management of forest fires, some of the comparison can be, especially to the papers of Forest Fire Management of Community-Based, among others:

1. The different traditions; in traditional society is very diverse but, in general, land clearing burning in a way that has a goal to make it easier to farming to meet the needs of plant food while in Australia people have the same habits of origin in addition to the Original People (Aboriginal), while in the making Forest burning is a goal each for example, between the Government has a forest plant community with the land owner who seeks a breeder.

2. Differences in the level of awareness, and awareness in Indonesia about the issue of forest fires on each layer or level of a society is still very poor although there have been several incidents of forest fire and land-loss and damage caused by forest fires themselves, while at the Australian Society for the hazard awareness fire (fire is not desired) is high enough and involvement so that events of forest fire that is not restrained and it is very harmful to make every level of society or of life and care about each mutual support and care about the dangers of forest fire.

3. CBFiM the program in Indonesia is relatively new but known traditions or customs of the people in managing forest and land fires in the treatment and prepare the land, the principles CBFiM existing since long, while in Australia does not specifically have found the management of the fire but have figured CBFiM pattern the long-developing the volunteer (volunteer) in this case for the forest fires which comprises members from various sections of the community.

4. In Indonesia CBFiM life in the community is still relatively poor, among others:

• Awareness / sense of voluntary.
• Togetherness to protect assets, both private and shared interests and the surrounding environment on the use of fire.
• There are many more important interests of the individual and temporary, while Australia has developed a volunteer has a soul that needed in the development of forest fire management based CBFiM among others:
• Full awareness, care, support and volunteer forest fire management activities that can harm personal assets, assets with the care of the assets / interests of other people.
• There is a togetherness that was built well in the face of forest fire and not at the time the forest fires and the strength of weld joint.
• Making decisions together with the management of fire in both of private assets, community groups and others outside the system.
5. Pattern CBFiM in Indonesia is still very necessary initiated by the Government, Institution or institution is in counseling and guidance and ideas to take people to the people / the purpose of CBFiM itself, but in Australia the level of awareness and awakening togetherness as it is also through this process where the length of the whole society to take lessons from the events that are very harmful by various aspects of forest fires.
6. Volunteer CBFiM and in understanding the wider the perpetrators of the Society but that distinguishes them is the CBFiM itself is still a lot of lives depend on the nature itself of the increasing standard of living and is located in the Village Volunteer perpetrators while not everything depends on the nature of the effort to improve the standard of living , for example, as employees of the private sector, Government / Institution and others, and most live in the city, and we realize or not CBFiM itself the embryo of a Volunteer. Read More..